How Do The Attractive Forces Between Molecules Change In The Transition From Gas To Liquid To Solid

Intermolecular Forces

Two factors determine whether a substance is a solid, a liquid, or a gas:

The kinetic energies of the particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) that make upwards a substance. Kinetic energy tends to keep the particles moving autonomously.
The attractive intermolecular forces between particles that tend to draw the particles together.

If the boilerplate kinetic energy is greater than the bonny forces between the particles, a substance will non condense to form a liquid or a solid. If the kinetic energy is less than the attractive forces, a liquid or solid volition form.

The average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas is nifty enough to overcome the forces of allure between them. The molecules of a gas move apart when they collide.

The average kinetic energy of the particles in a liquid (or solid) is pocket-size enough that the forces of attraction between them is sufficient to hold the particles close together. The molecules in a liquid (or solid) practise not motion autonomously.

Types of Bonny Forces

There are several types of attractive intermolecular forces:

Dipole-dipole forces,
London dispersion forces,
Hydrogen bonding, and
Induced-dipole forces

The starting time 3 forces are also collectively called van der Waals forces. All molecular and intermolecular attractive forces are electrostatic in nature. That is, they involve attractions between positive and negative species. The strengths of these attractive forces vary widely, though commonly the intermolecular forces between small molecules are weak compared to the intramolecular forces that bond atoms together within a molecule.

All of the intermolecular forces that concord a liquid together are called cohesive forces .